Gaza’s hospitals have emerged as a focus in Israel’s struggle with Hamas, with both sides citing how the opposite has pulled the amenities into the battle as proof of the enemy’s disregard for the security of civilians.

In 4 months of struggle, Israeli troops have entered a number of hospitals, together with the Qatari Hospital, Kamal Adwan Hospital and Al-Rantisi Specialised Hospital for Youngsters, to seek for weapons and fighters. However Al-Shifa Hospital has taken on specific significance as a result of it’s Gaza’s largest medical facility, and due to Israel’s high-profile claims that Hamas leaders operated a command-and-control middle beneath it. Hamas and the hospital’s workers, in the meantime, insisted it was solely a medical middle.

Al-Shifa’s worth as a army goal was not instantly clear within the days after the Nov. 15 raid, even after the Israeli army launched the tunnel video that was used to create the 3-D mannequin seen right here.

However proof examined by The New York Instances suggests Hamas used the hospital for canopy, saved weapons inside it and maintained a hardened tunnel beneath the complicated that was provided with water, energy and air-conditioning.

Categorized Israeli intelligence paperwork, obtained and reviewed by The Instances, point out that the tunnel is not less than 700 ft lengthy, twice so long as the army revealed publicly, and that it extends past the hospital and sure connects to Hamas’s bigger underground community.

Based on labeled photos reviewed by The Instances, Israeli troopers discovered underground bunkers, residing quarters and a room that gave the impression to be wired for computer systems and communications tools alongside part of the tunnel past the hospital — chambers that weren’t seen within the video launched by the Israeli army.

What the video confirmed underneath Al-Shifa

The • dot on the diagram follows the trail of the video under that was launched by Israel after the raid.

By Malika Khurana and Helmuth Rosales; video from the Israel Protection Forces

The Israeli army, nonetheless, has struggled to show that Hamas maintained a command-and-control middle underneath the power. Critics of the Israeli army say the proof doesn’t assist its early claims, noting that it had distributed materials earlier than the raid exhibiting 5 underground complexes and likewise had stated the tunnel community might be reached from wards inside a hospital constructing. Israel has publicly revealed the existence of just one tunnel entrance on the grounds of the hospital, on the shack exterior its fundamental buildings.

The Israeli army says that it moved fastidiously as a result of the tunnel was booby-trapped and ran out of time to research earlier than it destroyed the tunnel and withdrew from the hospital. Israeli and Qatari officers, talking on situation of anonymity, stated Israel needed to depart the hospital to adjust to the phrases of a brief ceasefire in late November.

American officers have stated their own intelligence backs up the Israeli case, together with proof that Hamas used Al-Shifa to carry not less than just a few hostages. American intelligence additionally signifies that Hamas fighters evacuated the complicated days earlier than Israeli forces moved into Al-Shifa, destroying paperwork and electronics as they left.

Hospitals are protected underneath worldwide legislation, even when they supply medical look after combatants, however their use for different acts which might be “dangerous to the enemy” could make them official targets for army motion. However any motion should weigh the anticipated army benefit towards the anticipated hurt to civilians.

Al-Shifa, Israeli officers have argued, is an instance of Hamas’s willingness to make use of hospitals as cowl and switch civilians into human shields. However critics say it is usually an instance of the toll on civilians when Israeli forces encompass and raid hospitals to pursue Hamas fighters or rescue hostages, operations that may minimize off docs from gas and provides and residents from urgently wanted medical care.

Five premature babies died at Al-Shifa earlier than the raid “on account of lack of electrical energy and gas,” in response to the U.N. Workplace for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, which helped arrange the evacuation of 31 different infants.

“Everyone knows that the well being care system is or has collapsed,” Lynn Hastings, the U.N.’s humanitarian coordinator for Gaza, has instructed reporters.

The portion of the tunnel seen within the Israeli army video is not less than 350 ft lengthy. However confidential army paperwork reveal that the tunnel extends twice as far.

Satellite tv for pc Picture by Planet Labs

Israel launched its struggle in Gaza after the Hamas-led assault on Oct. 7, during which not less than 1,200 folks have been killed and greater than 200 have been taken hostage. Because the begin of the struggle, greater than 28,000 folks have been killed in Gaza, in response to well being officers there.

Within the face of worldwide opprobrium over its raids on hospitals, Israel has publicized proof that it says reveals that Hamas hid fighters among the many ailing and injured, and held hostages within the amenities. The Israeli army stated that earlier than getting into Al-Shifa, it warned the buildings’ occupants, opened evacuation routes and despatched Arabic-speaking medical groups together with the troopers.

Hamas and Gazan well being officers say the hospitals have served solely as medical amenities. However past accusing the Israeli army of planting proof at hospitals, Hamas and Gazan officers haven’t instantly refuted the proof offered by Israel.

The Israeli army stated it apprehended dozens of “terror operatives” at Kamal Adwan Hospital in December, and launched movies, on the time, of males carrying weapons. A spokesman for the well being ministry in Gaza stated that Israeli forces had requested the hospital’s directors at hand over the weapons of its safety guards.

After the raid on the Qatari Hospital, the generally used identify for the Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Hospital for Rehabilitation and Prosthetics, the Israeli army confirmed a video on Nov. 5 of what it stated was the doorway to “a tunnel that was getting used for terror infrastructures” on the hospital’s grounds.

However the video seems to indicate one thing else: a water storage space inbuilt 2016, when the hospital was constructed, in response to engineering plans and pictures from the hospital’s building reviewed by The Instances.

The Israeli army declined to offer extra imagery to assist its assertion that this was a tunnel entryway or a part of a tunnel complicated.

Simply earlier than the Al-Shifa raid, Israeli forces entered Al-Rantisi hospital, on Nov. 13, quickly after its remaining sufferers and workers had left. Inside days, the military released two videos that confirmed weapons and explosives it stated it discovered there, and a room the place it stated hostages had been stored. The well being ministry in Gaza disputed the assertions made within the movies and stated the weapons have been planted.

One of many videos released by Israel confirmed troops speeding into the hospital and showing to seek out explosives, weapons and the hostage room. Within the different, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, chief spokesman for the Israeli army, confirmed off weapons, explosives and different weapons that he stated have been discovered within the basement of the hospital.

The video included footage of a chunk of paper taped to a wall within the hospital’s basement. Admiral Hagari stated the paper — a grid with Arabic phrases and numbers inside every sq. — might be a schedule for guarding hostages “the place each terrorist writes his identify.”

The Gazan well being ministry stated it was nothing greater than a piece schedule. However the calendar begins on Oct. 7, the day of the Hamas terrorist assault on Israel, and an Arabic title written on the high makes use of the militants’ identify for the assault: “Al Aqsa Flood Battle, 7/10/2023.”

Given its measurement and historical past, taking management of Al-Shifa was at all times a extra vital aim for the Israeli army than the opposite smaller amenities.

Concrete sections of the Al-Shifa tunnel are seen on this nonetheless picture from the video launched by the Israeli army.

Israel Protection Forces

There may be substantial impartial proof that Hamas constructed an unlimited tunnel community throughout Gaza. Senior Israeli protection officers, who spoke on the situation of anonymity to debate intelligence issues, estimate the community is between 350 and 450 miles — extraordinary figures for a territory that at its longest level is just 25 miles. The officers estimate there are millions of entrances to the community.

There may be additionally established documentation that Hamas used Al-Shifa earlier than the struggle to masks a few of its actions. Throughout Israel’s three-week struggle with Hamas in 2008, armed Hamas fighters in civilian clothes have been seen roaming Al-Shifa’s corridors and killing an Israeli collaborator, in response to a Instances correspondent reporting in Gaza on the time. Six years later, through the subsequent spherical of combating, the militants routinely held information conferences on the hospital and used it as a protected assembly place for Hamas officers to talk with journalists.

After that struggle, Amnesty International reported that Hamas had used deserted areas of Al-Shifa, “together with the outpatients’ clinic space, to detain, interrogate, torture and in any other case ill-treat suspects, whilst different elements of the hospital continued to operate as a medical middle.”

Israel’s critics, although, countered with statements made on the time by two Norwegian docs, who described themselves as pro-Palestinian activists and had labored in Gaza through the 2014 struggle. They insisted that they noticed no Hamas presence at Al-Shifa.

Israel has additionally launched video footage, taken by the hospital’s personal safety cameras, which it says reveals two hostages being dropped at Al-Shifa shortly after being kidnapped within the Oct. 7 assault.

The Al-Shifa tunnel was found by following ducts that ran underground from air-conditioning items that have been powered by the hospital’s electrical energy provide and mounted on one in all its buildings, officers stated. Israeli troopers additionally discovered proof that the hospital’s water provide was being fed to the tunnel.

The Israeli army has additionally displayed weapons and different tools it stated have been discovered inside Al-Shifa, together with grenades positioned close to an MRI machine. Among the many cache offered to journalists have been belongings that Israeli officers stated had been taken from hostages, together with a bag emblazoned with the identify Be’eri, a kibbutz attacked by Hamas.

The army additionally stated it discovered weapons in Al-Shifa’s car parking zone, and a Toyota car equivalent to these used within the Oct. 7 assault and loaded with the identical tools that militants carried through the raid, together with weapons and rocket-propelled grenades. Israeli officers speculated that it was a spare car not used within the assault.

Photos from the video launched by the I.D.F. Clockwise from high left: A room, a sink, electrical wires and a toilet.

Israel Protection Forces

A few of what the Israeli army has proven to date doesn’t wholly match the outline of a terrorist headquarters that it supplied forward of its floor invasion of Gaza on Oct. 27.

Beneath Al-Shifa, the Israeli army wrote in a lengthy post on its web site, “lies a labyrinth of tunnels and underground compounds utilized by Hamas’s leaders to direct terrorist actions and rocket fireplace and to fabricate and retailer quite a lot of weapons and ammunition.”

There might not be a method to instantly assess that declare. Israeli forces remained at Al-Shifa for slightly greater than every week.

Hours earlier than Israeli forces left the hospital on Nov. 24, troopers lined the tunnel with explosives and destroyed it in a blast that despatched plumes of smoke excessive into the air and rocked buildings on the bottom above.

Methodology

The three-D mannequin of the tunnel beneath Al-Shifa Hospital is schematic and is predicated on the video launched by the Israel Protection Forces, in addition to different photographs and movies of the tunnel. The Instances counted greater than 500 concrete modules used to assemble the tunnel, and used the thickness of every module to confirm the tunnel size inside an inexpensive vary. The Instances verified that the approximate location of the tunnel was beneath the surgical procedure middle, and that it prolonged to a shack that was constructed extra just lately.


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